Proofreading Blog
The most complete definition of the article was given by A. I. Smirnitsky. The article is a function word, which characterizes an object by lines of clarification, classification and restrictions, expressing grammatical relationships between them"*. Historically, functional words, as a structural-semantic type of words, deprived of the nominative function, and go back to full-meaning words with a specific value. But the distinguishing feature of the article is that the word is of pronominal origin, and the pronoun is the most common word. It is common to assume that the definite article the goes back to the old English pronoun meaning "one" and the indefinite article a/an, evolved from words with pronominal meaning "one, some, any". The pronoun with the value in turn goes back to the numeral "one". The semantic essence of articles in zaklyuchaetsya analogy of articles with the system of demonstrative pronouns: That the same
Demonstrative pronouns the most abstract in meaning and refer to the level system of pronouns, which removed all semantic differences in line kind of person/not-person, animateness, naturellement, with the consequence that they are unable to tell a noun the values that are organically linked to by the subjects (gender, person, animacy), in contrast to the personal and other pronouns, which are able to Refine these values. Pronouns are so called so that they are able to modify the substantial value from parties, and there is clearly disclosed the "human moment" in these values, as compared with the already known (the same), to indicate the object(that), anyway to modify that to describe him (such a) may be the only person telling the person. From this it follows that the distinctive feature of the English definite article is the fact that it is associated not only with mortality but also with the family (and the definite article also with a number). Therefore, we can conclude: the English article is more independent of the name that significantly expands and enriches his own semantic structure, and the possibility of functional use of speech.
Proofreading different from editing?
Text editing is the correction of errors of style and content, as well as the verification of the correct application of terminology. The proofreader is responsible for ensuring that the text conforms to the norms and rules of the English language.
Proofreading includes:
The correction of typos. Error correction word formation, such as incorrect procedure for the formation of new words and compound parts of the word.
Correction of Morphological errors — fix incorrect formation of grammatical forms (forms of declension, number, case, kind, brief forms, degrees of comparison, etc.).
Syntax checking — fixed incorrect combinations of syntactic units (phrases and sentences), the correction of an incorrect matching, the lack of correlation of parts of sentences, correction of errors in the structure of phrases, incorrect use of participial and participial.
Spell checking (spell), i.e. the symbology of the sounds of the letters, use uppercase (capital) letters, rules of hyphenation rules, hyphenated, solid and separate writing of words. Check punctuation — use of punctuation marks.
The education system in England
All living in England, according to the law, should study and get educated. In the UK, Scotland and on Wales the period of compulsory study indicated 5 to sixteen years. In North Ireland – from four to sixteen. Responsibility for visiting children in secondary schools or other educational institutions, according to the law, are their ancestors. After fulfilling 16 years of the study no longer wear an indispensable disposition, and young people have a chance to elect, according to their probability and aspirations, further education or start employment. Within 70% of young people in Britain who turned 16-year-old stage, elect a subsequent study, continuing it either in the same school where they studied in previous years, or going to colleges. In the range of 10% to act, and the remaining 20% choose getting qualification on the so-called government training programs – specialized government programs of labour training. In 1998-1999, the UK and Wales in these programs were involved 285 thousand teenagers. In Scotland 1999-2000-m the same programs holds 38400. By the way to learn more about education and proofreading in England and easily you can learn a language in school English.
2. System administration and funding of secondary schools.
For the formation in Britain the government is responsible power. Own work in this direction, it complies generally with follow-up municipal institutions: the Department for education and employment (Department of Education and Employment) in the UK; the national Assembly (National Assembly) on Wales; by Department of education and the Department of
Higher and further education, training and employment (Department of Education and Department of Higher and Further Education, Training and Employment) in Northern Ireland.
State secondary schools of England and Wales subordinate district
the committees on education. This system of management and financing of secondary educational institutions of district educational authorities there and in Scotland, true, here there are 2 secondary schools in the public sector, find themselves on the government. In Northern Ireland 5 the committees on education possess, govern, and rule all of their subordinate schools.
The system of financing of secondary schools is performed in Britain through the district authorities distributed the funds according, mainly, to the number of students in any school. Individually different budgets, so-called special programs, for example, on the support of information technology or the development of methodologies to improve the teaching of grammar and mathematics.
